Why Peptides? Katherine Wohl, RDN, LD, CLC, IFNCP
Whether you are part of the enteral nutrition or the mainstream nutrition conversation, peptides are being referenced more and more. Yet what they are and the myriad of reasons they can be beneficial are often overlooked. It’s important to understand both of these when considering if or how one should incorporate them into their life – especially when we consider their ability to maximize nourishment to those who might need it most.
Peptides are a very simple form of protein. Proteins come in different forms based on the number and structure of amino acids (the building blocks of protein). Intact, more complex protein structures are unraveled (or “broken down”) to simpler forms in the human body by digestive enzymes, allowing them to be absorbed and utilized. Peptides are “pre-digested” through a process known as hydrolysis. This water-based process acts as digestive enzymes do in the body and unravel complex proteins into shorter amino acid chains with a very low molecular weight, known as peptides. Their small, simple structure allows for unique metabolism, where they are absorbed and enter circulation intact – a large reason peptides can favorably impact various clinical outcomes (1).
Peptides Role in Digestion and Absorption
The most recognized area of use is in those with limited digestive capacity and malabsorption. Because of their small structure, they are easier to breakdown, absorb, and assimilate for the body’s needs. This is especially important for those that may have difficulty digesting protein – whether it’s due to low stomach acid, limits to pancreatic function, decreased absorption in the small intestine, or conditions that impact digestion like gastroparesis. (1) This is reflected in animal studies which have showed improved catch-growth with enteral formulas containing hydrolyzed protein (2), as well as human studies in sports nutrition showing increased muscle gains in response to strength training with hydrolyzed pea protein when compared to whey protein. (3) This speaks to the increased bioavailability of peptides – how well the body can access and use a nutrient (protein in this case).
Peptides as Bioactive Compounds
While important, their ability to impact health reaches far beyond their influence on growth, weight, or muscle mass. Peptides are bioactive compounds – they can be used by numerous tissues in the body and influence several biochemical pathways in a beneficial way, both because of the way they are metabolized and their ionic charge. This can create antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, lipid lowering properties, blood pressure lowering effects, and gut wall barrier impact. They have shown influences on endocrine, skeletal-muscular, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and neurological systems. (4)
Their far-reaching impact can offer numerous populations benefit when we consider all those that may struggle with the above areas – from chronic diseases (4-7), to digestive disorders (1-2), to those who have undergone trauma or surgery (10-12). As always, it is important to keep the needs of each individual in mind, working with your healthcare provider to know what is best for you.
Liquid Hope Peptide
Nourish Peptide
References